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Does intermittent fasting impact mental disorders? A systematic review with meta-analysis.
Fernández-Rodríguez, R, Martínez-Vizcaíno, V, Mesas, AE, Notario-Pacheco, B, Medrano, M, Heilbronn, LK
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2023;(32):11169-11184
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the benefits of intermittent fasting (IF) as a dietary strategy for cardiometabolic health and weight control. However, little is known about the potential implications of IF on mental disorders. The aim of this review was to synthesize evidence regarding the effects of IF on mental disorders (depression, anxiety, and mood state) in the general population. We conducted a systematic search in five databases from inception to January 2022. Randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials (RCTs/nonRCTs) were included. A random effects method was used to pool standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs. A total of 14 studies involving 562 individuals were included, of which 8 were RCTs and 6 were nonRCTs. IF showed a moderate and positive effect on depression scores when compared to control groups (SMD: 0.41; 95%CI: 0.05 to 0.76; I2=45%; n = 4). Conversely, within-group analyses did not show any significant effect of IF on anxiety (SMD: 0.10; 95%CI: -0.09 to 0.30; I2=0%; n = 5) or mood state (SMD: 0.14; 95%CI: -0.09 to 0.37; I2=59%; n = 7). IF modalities did not negatively impact mental disorders in the general population. In fact, IF showed a positive influence on diminishing depression scores, and did not modify anxiety or mood.
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The Comparative Effects of Different Types of Oral Vitamin Supplements on Arterial Stiffness: A Network Meta-Analysis.
Saz-Lara, A, Cavero-Redondo, I, Martínez-Vizcaíno, V, Martínez-Ortega, IA, Notario-Pacheco, B, Pascual-Morena, C
Nutrients. 2022;14(5)
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Arterial stiffness is related to the onset of vascular aging and could be considered a contributing factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Inflammation and oxidative stress are possible mechanisms of arterial stiffness. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different types of oral vitamin supplements on the reduction in arterial stiffness. This study is a network meta-analysis of 22 randomised controlled studies that were published between 2002 and 2017. The sample size of the studies ranged from 9 to 261 healthy or unhealthy adults (aged 21.0 to 72.0 years). Results showed that even though the different types of oral vitamin supplements did not show statistically significant effects, when oral vitamin supplementation was longer than 12 weeks, vitamin D3 showed a significant reduction in central arterial stiffness, compared with placebo and vitamin D2. Authors conclude that oral vitamin D3 supplementation for more than 12 weeks could be an effective approach to reduce central arterial stiffness.
Abstract
Arterial stiffness, a significant prognostic factor of cardiovascular disease, may be affected by dietary factors. Research on the effects of oral vitamin supplements on arterial stiffness and/or endothelial function has produced controversial results. Therefore, the aim of this network meta-analysis was to comparatively assess the effect of different types of oral vitamin supplements on arterial stiffness in the adult population. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials from their inception to 30 September 2021. A network meta-analysis using a frequentist perspective was conducted to assess the effects of different types of oral vitamin supplements on arterial stiffness, as determined by pulse wave velocity. In total, 22 studies were included, with a total of 1318 participants in the intervention group and 1115 participants in the placebo group. The included studies were listed in an ad hoc table describing direct and indirect comparisons of the different types of vitamins. Our findings showed that, in both pairwise comparison and frequentist network meta-analysis, the different types of oral vitamin supplements did not show statistically significant effects on arterial stiffness. However, when oral vitamin supplementation was longer than 12 weeks, vitamin D3 showed a significant reduction in arterial stiffness, compared with the placebo (ES: -0.15; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.00; -60.0% m/s) and vitamin D2 (ES: -0.25; 95% CI: -0.48, -0.02, -52.0% m/s). In summary, our study confirms that oral vitamin D3 supplementation for more than 12 weeks could be an effective approach to reduce arterial stiffness and could be considered a useful approach to improve vascular health in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Effect of different types of exercise on health-related quality of life during and after cancer treatment: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Ubago-Guisado, E, Gracia-Marco, L, Cavero-Redondo, I, Martinez-Vizcaino, V, Notario-Pacheco, B, Pozuelo-Carrascosa, DP, Adalia, EG, Álvarez-Bueno, C
BMJ open. 2019;(11):e031374
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer (and survival) is known to affect the quality of life. Strategies as physical activity and exercise during and after cancer may improve health-related qualify of life (HRQOL) outcomes and are, therefore, of clinical and public health importance. To the best of our knowledge, comparative evidence of the effect of the different types of exercise on improving HRQOL in cancer patients has not been synthesised thus far. We aim to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis in order to synthesise all available evidence regarding the effect of different types of exercise interventions on HRQOL during and after cancer treatment. METHODS AND ANALYSIS MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library and SPORTDiscus will be searched from inception to December 2018 for relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs. Studies assessing physical activity and exercise interventions in cancer patients (during treatment) and survivors (after treatment) will be selected. Two independent reviewers will identify eligible studies. After quality appraisal and data extraction, we will conduct meta-analyses for outcomes of interest, including data from mental and physical dimensions of cancer-specific and/or generic HRQOL questionnaires. Risk of bias assessments will be completed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Study heterogeneity will be measured by the I2 statistic. Bayesian (and traditional approach) network meta-analysis will be performed when possible to determine the comparative effect of the different physical activity or exercise interventions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review and network meta-analysis will synthesise evidence on the effect of different types of exercise interventions on HRQOL during and after cancer treatment. The results will be disseminated by publication in a peer-reviewed journal and through scientific conferences and symposia. Ethical approval will not be required because the data used for this work will be exclusively extracted from published studies. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019125028.
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Rationale and methods of a randomised cross-over cluster trial to assess the effectiveness of MOVI-KIDS on preventing obesity in pre-schoolers.
Martínez-Vizcaino, V, Mota, J, Solera-Martínez, M, Notario-Pacheco, B, Arias-Palencia, N, García-Prieto, JC, González-García, A, Álvarez-Bueno, C, Sánchez-López, M, ,
BMC public health. 2015;:176
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has become an alarming worldwide increasing public health problem. The earlier adiposity rebound occurs, the greater the risk of becoming obese during puberty and adolescence. It has been speculated about the potential influence of vigorous physical activity on modifying the age of onset of adiposity rebound. Moreover, studies aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity interventions programs on reducing adiposity and other cardiovascular risk factors in children younger than 6 years are scarce. This paper describes the rationale and methods of a study aimed to test the effectiveness of a two-years multidimensional pre-school intervention on preventing obesity and improving physical fitness during the adiposity rebound period. METHODS/DESIGN Twenty-one schools from the provinces of Cuenca and Ciudad Real, Spain, were randomised to an intervention and a control arm. In the first academic year, children in third grade of pre-school and first grade of primary school in the intervention group received the physical activity intervention (MOVI-KIDS). After an academic year schools were crossed over to the alternative arm. According to the socio-ecological model, the intervention included children, their parents and teachers, and the school environment where MOVI-KIDS was conducted. MOVI-KIDS consisted of: i) three-h/week sessions of recreational non-competitive physical activity in after-school time; ii) educational materials to parents and teachers about physical activity benefits and sedentary lifestyle risks; and iii) modifications in the playground to promote physical activity during recess. Baseline and post-intervention outcomes are going to be measured in both arms three times, at the beginning and at the end of first academic year, and at the end of the second academic year. Primary outcomes included body mass index, waist circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, percentage of both body fat and fat-free mass, and blood pressure. Secondary end points were physical activity, fitness, and carotid intima-media thickness. DISCUSSION This paper reports the design of a randomised cross-over cluster trial aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the multidimensional physical activity intervention (MOVI-KIDS) during two years in pre-school children. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trials.gov: NCT01971840 . (Date of registration: Initial Release: 10/07/2013; Record Verification: 23/10/2013).
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Gender differences on effectiveness of a school-based physical activity intervention for reducing cardiometabolic risk: a cluster randomized trial.
Martínez-Vizcaíno, V, Sánchez-López, M, Notario-Pacheco, B, Salcedo-Aguilar, F, Solera-Martínez, M, Franquelo-Morales, P, López-Martínez, S, García-Prieto, JC, Arias-Palencia, N, Torrijos-Niño, C, et al
The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity. 2014;:154
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies that have examined the impact of a physical activity intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors have yielded conflicting results. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a standardized physical activity program on adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors in schoolchildren. METHODS Cluster randomized trial study of 712 schoolchildren, 8-10 years, from 20 public schools in the Province of Cuenca, Spain. The intervention (MOVI-2) consisted of play-based and non-competitive activities. MOVI-2 was conducted during two 90-minute sessions on weekdays and one 150-minute session on Saturday mornings every week between September 2010 and May 2011. We measured changes in adiposity (overweight/obesity prevalence, body mass index [BMI], triceps skinfold thickness [TST], body fat %, fat-free mass, waist circumference) and other cardiometabolic risk factors (LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratio, insulin, C-reactive protein and blood pressure). The analyses used mixed regression models to adjust for baseline covariates under cluster randomization. RESULTS Among girls, we found a reduction of adiposity in intervention versus control schools, with a decrease in TST (-1.1 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.3 to -0.7), body fat % (-0.9%; 95% CI -1.3 to -0.4), waist circumference (-2.7 cm; 95% CI -4.5 to -0.9), and an increase in fat-free mass (0.3 kg; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.6). The intervention also led to lower serum LDL-cholesterol and insulin levels. Among boys, a reduction in waist circumference (-1.4 cm; 95% CI -2.6 to -0.1; P = 0.03), and an increase in fat-free mass (0.5 kg; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.9; P = 0.003) was associated with the intervention versus control schools. The prevalence of overweight/obesity or underweight, BMI, and other cardiometabolic risk factors was not modified by the intervention. No important adverse events were registered. CONCLUSIONS An extracurricular intervention of non-competitive physical activity during an academic year, targeting all schoolchildren regardless of body weight, is a safe and effective measure to reduce adiposity in both genders and to improve cardiometabolic risk profile in girls. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trials NCT01277224.